A Fundamental Quantum Rule May Entangle the Entire Universe
A Fundamental Quantum Rule May Entangle the Entire Universe
At the most fundamental level of physics, nature does not behave locally. Particles separated by vast distances can act not as independent objects, but as components of a single quantum system. Researchers in Poland have now demonstrated that this kind of nonlocal behavior, which stems from the simple fact that particles of the same type are indistinguishable, can be observed experimentally for nearly all possible states of identical particles.
According to quantum mechanics, every particle of a given type, such as photons or electrons, is inherently entangled with every other particle of that same type, whether it is nearby or located in a distant galaxy. This counterintuitive idea follows directly from a core principle of the theory: particles of the same type are fundamentally identical.
This suggests the existence of a universal source of entanglement that underlies the strange nonlocal properties of the quantum world. It also raises a deeper question of whether this resource can be accessed or tested, despite the strict limits imposed by quantum theory.
Two theorists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow and the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IITiS PAN) in Gliwice have now addressed these questions. Their results, published in npj Quantum Information (Nature Publishing Group), show that the identity of particles alone can give rise to experimentally detectable quantum nonlocality.
According to quantum mechanics, every particle of a given type, such as photons or electrons, is inherently entangled with every other particle of that same type, whether it is nearby or located in a distant galaxy. This counterintuitive idea follows directly from a core principle of the theory: particles of the same type are fundamentally identical.
This suggests the existence of a universal source of entanglement that underlies the strange nonlocal properties of the quantum world. It also raises a deeper question of whether this resource can be accessed or tested, despite the strict limits imposed by quantum theory.
Two theorists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow and the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IITiS PAN) in Gliwice have now addressed these questions. Their results, published in npj Quantum Information (Nature Publishing Group), show that the identity of particles alone can give rise to experimentally detectable quantum nonlocality.
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