Science never stops and now it has made a surprising leap: the proton engine that Albert Einstein predicted decades ago has finally materialized. Imagine an engine that runs without gasoline or batteries, but instead uses a virtually inexhaustible source of energy and does not pollute. It seems like something out of a comic book, but this breakthrough challenges some fundamental principles of physics and promises to revolutionize mobility and energy.
A science fiction invention
The proton engine is based on nuclear fusion (the same process that occurs in the Sun). Unlike traditional nuclear energy based on fission (which splits atoms), fusion consists of joining atomic nuclei to release immense, clean and sustainable energy. Now, a company has managed to develop the first functional prototype and the best of all is that we would be talking about clean energy!
Einstein and his theory of the nuclear fusion engine
Since 1929, Einstein theorized about the possibility of creating an engine powered by proton fusion, capable of generating such high power that it could take spaceships to speeds close to that of light. The key to this technology lies in taking advantage of the enormous temperature reached during fusion to expel a jet of protons and generate thrust.
Technological advances that have allowed its development
For many years there have been attempts to create this type of fusion engine, but it was very complicated because the appropriate technology was not available at the time, but these last decades have produced such significant advances that have allowed this idea to go from being just that, a simple idea, to a real construction. There have been three key advances that have allowed this:New metals and advanced ceramics can withstand extreme temperatures without degrading, because this way the plasma can be contained and the engine structure can be prevented from being destroyed.
Another key factor has been the mathematical understanding of the behaviour of the plasma inside the reactor, which has allowed simulations to be made that predicted and corrected possible errors.
Finally, they have been able to use advanced magnetic fields to prevent the plasma from touching the reactor walls, keeping it stable at temperatures above 100 million degrees!! In addition, superconducting magnets have significantly reduced the energy consumption of the system.
RocketStar: the startup that made it possible
In 2021, the RocketStar company began developing the first nuclear fusion engine applicable to propulsion, and they sought to design a rocket engine that would revolutionize the sector. And so they have done. Its design is based on a funnel-shaped magnetic field, where protons are accelerated and compressed until they reach temperatures high enough to initiate fusion.
This engine does not need chemical propellants, since hydrogen fusion generates a plasma jet that provides thrust. The main advantage is that the fuel (hydrogen) is practically inexhaustible, making this system a viable alternative for space travel, much faster, cheaper and more sustainable!
Could we use it on Earth?
This technology is designed for the propulsion of spacecraft, but technology is advancing so quickly that no one closes the door to it being applied in the future to airplanes or trains because it is a great alternative to fossil fuels.
It may not seem like it, but the technology of the future is so close to us that it is dizzying to think about it. Will they be able to commercialize this type of energy? We will have to wait and see!
Website: International Conference on High Energy Physics and Computational Science.
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