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Particle accelerator instrumentation

 



                                                                              Fig:1


Accelerator instrumentation refers to all the sensors installed in an accelerator to provide information on its operating status and to tune it. Two of the main applications are beam diagnostics − position and profile monitors in particular − and low-level radiofrequency sensors to tune the field of accelerating cavities powered by RF power supplies. IRFU's SIS and SEDI departments are particularly involved in R&D on this area.


Low-level radiofrequency (LLRF) systems





                                                                                      Fig: 2

 LLRF systems are used to control the RF field in accelerating cavities. These systems control the amplitude and phase of the RF field (fast tuning) and the cavity frequency (slow tuning), compensating for the effect of different types of disturbance such as vibrations, thermal stress, and the charge of the particle beam. The SIS develops the electronics for these systems, which is based mainly on the use of FPGA or DSP boards for fast digital processing of the RF signals coming from the cavity.

 

SACM develops general simulation tools for describing RF cavity operation with or without a beam, modeling various types of disturbance, considering the transfer functions of the associated high-power or low-level RF electronics, and representing accelerator field control modes.

                                           

SACM was involved in developing a prototype for the Soleil accelerator, and is now working with the SIS on making the LLRF systems for the Spiral 2 project (the SIS is in charge of these systems).

 

Beam position monitors

 

Beam based alignment and time of flight control are essential operations for particle accelerators. SACM is currently developing two types of beam position monitors (BPMs) based on radiofrequency cavities. The operating principle is as follows: passing through the cavity, the beam excites some electromagnetic fields (resonant modes), which are coupled by four feedthroughs to the outside. Signals detected by the signal processing electronics extract the beam position (displacement), the beam intensity and the time of flight of the beam.

 


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