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Researchers advance topological superconductors for quantum computing

 



Quantum computers process information using quantum bits, or qubits, based on fragile, short-lived quantum mechanical states. To make qubits robust and tailor them for applications, researchers from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory sought to create a new material system.


"We are pursuing a new route to create quantum computers using novel materials," said ORNL materials scientist Robert Moore, who co-led a study published in Advanced Materials with ORNL colleague Matthew Brahlek, who is also a materials scientist.

They coupled a superconductor, which offers no resistance to electrical current, with a topological insulator, which has electrically conductive surfaces but an insulating interior. The result is an atomically sharp interface between crystalline thin films with different symmetric arrangements of atoms. The novel interface that they designed and engineered may give rise to exotic physics and host a unique quantum building block with potential as a superior qubit.

"The idea is to make qubits with materials that have more robust quantum mechanical properties," Moore said. "What is important is that we have learned how to control the electronic structure of the topological insulator and the superconductor independently, so that we can tailor the electronic structure at that interface. This had never been done."

Controlling the electronic structure on both sides of an interface may create something called Majorana particles inside the material. "In nature, we have particles and antiparticles, for example electrons and positrons, which annihilate each other when they come in contact. A Majorana particle is its own antiparticle," Moore said. In 1937 Ettore Majorana predicted the existence of these exotic particles, whose existence remains to be proven.

In 2008, theorical physicists Liang Fu and Charlie Kane of the University of Pennsylvania proposed that creating a novel interface between a topological insulator with a superconductor would generate topological superconductivity, a new phase of matter predicted to host Majorana particles.


International Research Conference on High Energy Physics and Computational Science

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