big bang theories

BIG BANG THEORY

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing scientific model for the origin of the universe. It suggests that the universe began as a singularity, an infinitely small and dense point, around 13.8 billion years ago. This singularity then rapidly expanded and cooled, leading to the formation of the universe as we know it today. There are several different variations of the Big Bang theory, but they all share the basic idea that the universe began in a hot, dense state and has been expanding and cooling ever since. The most widely accepted model is the Lambda-CDM model, which includes the ideas of cosmic inflation (a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the early universe) and dark matter (an invisible form of matter that makes up most of the mass in the universe). Despite its overwhelming scientific support, the Big Bang theory is still the subject of ongoing research and debate. Some alternative models have been proposed, such as the steady state theory and the cyclic model, but they have not gained widespread acceptance.

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Physicists observe a new form of magnetism for the first time

MIT physicists have demonstrated a new form of magnetism that could one day be harnessed to build faster, denser, and less power-hungry " spintronic " memory chips. The new magnetic state is a mash-up of two main forms of magnetism: the ferromagnetism of everyday fridge magnets and compass needles, and antiferromagnetism, in which materials have magnetic properties at the microscale yet are not macroscopically magnetized. Now, the MIT team has demonstrated a new form of magnetism , termed "p-wave magnetism." Physicists have long observed that electrons of atoms in regular ferromagnets share the same orientation of "spin," like so many tiny compasses pointing in the same direction. This spin alignment generates a magnetic field, which gives a ferromagnet its inherent magnetism. Electrons belonging to magnetic atoms in an antiferromagnet also have spin, although these spins alternate, with electrons orbiting neighboring atoms aligning their spins antiparalle...

new research in qauntum physics

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Scientists Discover New “Hall Effect” That Could Revolutionize Electronics

Scientists discovered a new Hall effect driven by spin currents in noncollinear antiferromagnets, offering a path to more efficient and resilient spintronic devices . A research team led by Colorado State University graduate student Luke Wernert and Associate Professor Hua Chen has identified a previously unknown type of Hall effect that could lead to more energy-efficient electronic devices . Their study, published in Physical Review Letters, was conducted in collaboration with graduate student Bastián Pradenas and Professor Oleg Tchernyshyov of Johns Hopkins University. The researchers uncovered evidence of a new property, dubbed the “Hall mass,” in a class of complex magnetic materials known as noncollinear antiferromagnets . The traditional Hall effect, discovered by Edwin Hall at Johns Hopkins in 1879, describes how an electric current is deflected sideways when subjected to an external magnetic field, generating a measurable voltage. This effect plays a crucial role in technologi...

High Energy Physics and Computational Science

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