Scientists have observed the acceleration of a cosmic ray particle to the highest energy ever measured, at an energy level of more than 100 million times that of the Large Hadron Collider.

 

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 Scientists have observed the acceleration of a cosmic ray particle to the highest energy ever measured, at an energy level of more than 100 million times that of the Large Hadron Collider.

 The cosmic ray particle was detected using the Pierre Auger Observatory, a large array of particle detectors spread out over 3,000 square kilometers in Argentina. The detectors measure the arrival time and energy of cosmic ray particles, allowing researchers to study the physics of these particles in great detail. The observatory has detected more than 10,000 cosmic ray events since its operations began in 2004, including the highest energy proton ever recorded. The particle was recorded with an energy of more than 100 million times that of the energy levels achieved by the Large Hadron Collider. The findings could help scientists better understand how cosmic rays are accelerated and provide new insights into the physics of the early universe.

The particle was detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory on April 26th, 2017. It was travelling at a speed of more than 98% the speed of light, and its acceleration was estimated to have taken place over a period of around 10 million years. This marks an important step forward in the study of cosmic ray particles, and could potentially provide valuable insights into the physics of the early universe.
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a joint effort between more than 400 scientists from 18 countries, including the United States, France, Germany, Argentina, and Brazil. The observatory is the world’s largest cosmic ray detector, and its data has been used to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, study their composition, and search for correlations between cosmic rays and other astrophysical phenomena. The discovery of the highest energy proton ever measured is yet another milestone in the observatory’s history.

 

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new research in qauntum physics

        

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        New research in  qauntum physics.  

                                                Alphabet Has a Second, Secretive Quantum Computing Team

Recent research in quantum physics includes the development of quantum computers, which are expected to be much more powerful than conventional computers and could revolutionize many aspects of technology, such as artificial intelligence and cryptography. Other research includes the development of quantum sensors for a variety of applications, including medical diagnostics, and the study of quantum entanglement and its potential to enable quantum computing and secure communication. Additionally, research is being conducted into the applications of quantum mechanics in materials science, such as understanding the behavior of superconductors and other materials.

Other areas of research in quantum physics include the development of quantum simulators, which are systems of particles that can be used to simulate quantum systems. Additionally, researchers are studying quantum optics and its potential applications, such as the development of quantum lasers and quantum teleportation. Finally, research is being conducted into developing quantum algorithms which could enable more efficient and accurate computations.

Finally, researchers are exploring the potential of quantum technologies to revolutionize fields such as medicine, energy, and communications. For example, quantum computing could enable faster and more accurate medical diagnoses, while quantum sensors could revolutionize the way we detect and measure environmental conditions. Additionally, quantum encryption could make communication more secure, while quantum teleportation could revolutionize transportation. In the future, quantum technology could have a profound impact on our lives.

 

HOMEPHYSICS NEWS Physicists Observe Direct Evidence of Effective Wave Growth Theory in Space

 

Physicists Observe Direct Evidence of Effective Wave Growth Theory in Space

 A team from Nagoya University in Japan has observed, for the first time, the energy transferring from resonant electrons to whistler-mode waves in space. Their findings offer direct evidence of previously theorized efficient growth, as predicted by the non-linear growth theory of waves. This should improve our understanding of not only space plasma physics but also space weather, a phenomenon that affects satellites.

When people imagine outer space, they often envision it as a perfect vacuum. In fact, this impression is wrong because the vacuum is filled with charged particles. In the depths of space, the density of charged particles becomes so low that they rarely collide with each other. Instead of collisions, the forces related to the electric and magnetic fields filling space, control the motion of charged particles. This lack of collisions occurs throughout space, except for very near to celestial objects, such as stars, moons, or planets. In these cases, the charged particles are no longer traveling through the vacuum of space but instead through a medium where they can strike other particles.

Around the Earth, these charged-particle interactions generate waves, including electromagnetic whistler-mode waves, which scatter and accelerate some of the charged particles. When diffuse auroras appear around the poles of planets, observers are seeing the results of an interaction between waves and electrons. Since electromagnetic fields are so important in space weather, studying these interactions should help scientists predict variations in the intensity of highly energetic particles. This might help protect astronauts and satellites from the most severe effects of space weather.

Green comet to pass Earth, won't be back for another 50,000 years

  

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After travelling from the icy reaches of our Solar System it will come closest to the Sun on January 12 and pass nearest to Earth on February 1.

 

A newly discovered comet could be visible to the naked eye as it shoots past Earth and the Sun in the coming weeks for the first time in 50,000 years, astronomers have said.

The comet is called C/2022 E3 (ZTF) after the Zwicky Transient Facility, which first spotted it passing Jupiter in March last year.

After travelling from the icy reaches of our Solar System it will come closest to the Sun on January 12 and pass nearest to Earth on February 1.

It will be easy to spot with a good pair of binoculars and likely even with the naked eye, provided the sky is not too illuminated by city lights or the Moon.

The comet "will be brightest when it is closest to the Earth", Thomas Prince, a physics professor at the California Institute of Technology who works at the Zwicky Transient Facility, told AFP.

Made of ice and dust and emitting a greenish aura, the comet is estimated to have a diameter of around a kilometre, said Nicolas Biver, an astrophysicist at the Paris Observatory.

That makes it significantly smaller than NEOWISE, the last comet visible with an unaided eye, which passed Earth in March 2020, and Hale-Bopp, which swept by in 1997 with a potentially life-ending diameter of around 60 kilometres.

But the newest visit will come closer to Earth, which "may make up for the fact that it is not very big", Biver said.

What is High Energy Physics

 

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What is High Energy Physics?

                In high energy physics we seek to understand the nature of space and time, the characteristics of the forces governing the interactions of matter and energy, and the origins of the properties of the elementary particles. Modern theories of particle physics purport to explain the origin of mass, and hope to unify the descriptions of all the forces, including gravity. With the discovery that "normal" matter constitutes only 4% of the total energy in the universe, the study of dark matter and dark energy has attracted great interest.

What are we doing in High Energy Physics at Illinois?

Our group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is active on many fronts.

         Particle phenomenology research aims to address fundamental questions about the laws of nature that can be tested in current and future experiments. Group expertise includes the development of new theories of dark matter and their possible signatures, modeling physics beyond the standard model and its predictions for a variety of low energy and collider experiments, and the connections between particle physics and early-universe cosmology. Our group collaborates extensively with the astrophysics, cosmology, and nuclear physics groups, leading to strong connections with the newly-established Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe (ICASU). We are also involved with the SQMS Center at Fermilab through research to detect new light particles and gravitational waves using quantum sensors. 

          The lattice gauge theory group studies the formulation of quantum field theories in a nonperturbatively precise way and the simulation of these theories and their phenomena. Our research includes the precision computation of QCD processes needed to decode measurements at collider and other experiments, the exploration of new applications of classical simulations, and the development of theories and observables that can be simulated on digital and analog quantum devices. The latter research includes close collaboration with experimental and theoretical groups in AMO and condensed matter, and the group is a part of the Illinois Quantum Information Science and Technology Center (IQUIST).

      The theoretical effort also includes research into fundamental aspects of quantum field theory, string theory  AdS/CFT, and quantum gravity. The AdS/CFT duality relates questions in quantum gravity to those in strongly interacting quantum many-body physics, and this effort includes strong interdisciplinary links to the condensed matter theory groups and IQUIST.

        In the experimental program our running experiments are ATLAS at the Large Hadron Collider and the Dark Energy Survey in Chile. Data analysis from CDF at the Tevatron is still going strong. Our CDF and ATLAS groups are active in top physics, gauge boson physics, flavor physics with bottom hadrons, and studies of the newly discovered Higgs boson candidate.

         Work on ATLAS upgrades is in progress, and our group is helping to build a hardware track finder (FTK) for the ATLAS trigger and the read-out system for the New Small Wheel muon upgrade. Much of our work has focused on understanding and improving the detector performance. We work on both TileCal and Muon subsystem commissioning and analyses. Our group is involved in searches for beyond-the-standard model physics using three complementary approaches: searches for new resonances, exotic Higgs decays, and searches for supersymmetric particles.

We are involved in the muon g-2 and μ2e experiments being built at Fermilab, and The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) in Chile.

           The g-2 experiment is the latest generation of an experiment to measure the magnetic moment of the muon and we are building a very challenging clock system for the experiment. The μ2e experiment searches for the (Standard Model) forbidden decay of a muon into an electron and no neutrinos. We are involved with the design and construction of the data acquisition systems for each of these experiments, developing the timing and control system for g-2 and are collaborating on the DAQ system. The group is also actively involved in the interface between the data acquisition system and the analysis, as real-time data processing and reduction will be needed.

         The Dark Energy Survey (DES) studies dark matter and dark energy through their effect on the acceleration of the universe (supernovas and baryon acoustic oscillation) and on the history of structure formation (galaxy cluster formation and large-scale structure). DES started taking data in September 2012. Our data set will establish a new standard in the accuracy of cosmological measurements. The DES is in its third year (of five) of data taking, and the LSST recently passed its CD3 review, with full science operations scheduled for 2023.

          LSST will provide digital imaging of faint astronomical objects across half of the sky every three days, opening a movie-like window on objects that change or move on rapid timescales: exploding supernovae, potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids, and distant Kuiper Belt Objects. The superb images from the LSST will also be used to measure the distortions in remote galaxy shapes produced by lumps of dark matter, providing multiple tests of the mysterious dark energy.

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